Easy2siksha.com
  -2021
  

( )
:    : 100
:          ,        
           
-
1. (1)  
     
(ii)           ?
2.    ?          
-
3.             
      ?
4.       ?  AC  U     ?
-
5.      ?         
 ?
Easy2siksha.com
6.    ?         
  ?
-
7. (1)         
(ii)           ?
8. (1)            
   ?
(ii)          
  -2021
  

( )
:    : 100
:          ,        
           
 
1. (1)  
     
(ii)           ?
::  (i):        
Easy2siksha.com
󹏡󼐠󼐡󹏢󷺎󷺏󼐚󼐛󼐜󼐝󷺔󷺕󼐢󷺖󼐞󼐟󹔱󹔲󹏧󹏨   
              ,  1932 
           
  :
"              
        "
        :
󼨻󼨼 
    ( )
  :
      - , ,  ,    ,   
 ( ""   )
   , ,    ( )   
             ( )
               ,    
       -     
󹸯󹸭󹸮    
       ,       :
1.  
     -  ,  ,  
:       ,     
 
2.  
, ,         
     ,          

3.    
         
Easy2siksha.com
                -
      
4.   
 -      -       
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷    
      , "        -   
   "
1. 󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 :
       -      ,   

2. 󼿍󼿎󼿑󼿒󼿏󼿓󼿐󼿔  :
      -   (     
 )
3. 󷃆󹸊󹸋     :
 , ,          
 
󼿰󼿱󼿲    
,         ,           
 
󽅂1.    
         ,     
  ,              - 
      ?
󽅂2.    
 -                

󽅂3.    
         ,    
        
Easy2siksha.com
󽅂4.     
         ,         
 
󷆊󷆋󷆌󷆍󷆎󷆏 (i)  :
   -   


  
1932   
 
  ,  ,  

, , -

  ,    ,  
󺠩󺠪 (ii):           ?
             :
   -     ?”
   ,
"  ,     ,   ,      
   "
    ,
" ,        ,        
             "
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬1.   ?
                 
  
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘   ,            
   ,         :
  

Easy2siksha.com
 

 :
          ?
        ?
󼿍󼿎󼿑󼿒󼿏󼿓󼿐󼿔2.   ?
         -   ( )   
    () 
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘   ,       ,  
      ,       - 
 ( - )  ,    -    
 
     , -     
󺯑󺯒󺯓󺯔󺯕󺯖󺯗󺯘󺯙󺯚󺯛󺯜󺯝3.    ?
       :   ?      
,    ?
󷸎󷸏󷸐󷸑󷸒󷸓󷸔󷸙󷸕󷸚󷸖󷸛󷸜󷸝󷸗󷸘      20          
        ?
 :
         (  )?
         (     )?
            
󷆫󷆪       
     -    ,       
:
Easy2siksha.com
󷧺󷧻󷧼󷧽󷨀󷧾󷧿4.      
-           
:    100  ,   70     ,    
  
󹱩󹱪5.    
              
   :
  
  
     
          ,     -   !
󷉃󷉄6.      
              
:               
        
󼿍󼿎󼿑󼿒󼿏󼿓󼿐󼿔7.   
         
                  
,     
            :
 
 
 
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂:  -     
Easy2siksha.com
     ,    :
" ,            , ,  
       "  "        ,
              
          ,     
   "
    , “,               -
     ,         
2.    ?          
:󷅶󷅱󷅺󷅷󷅸󷅹   -        
              
 A: 2  + 3 
 : 3  + 2 
 C: 1  + 4 
      ,           
              ,     
       
   -          -     
  
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤   ?
  :
                 
( )     
,           (  ),    
      -        - 
Easy2siksha.com
󷃆󼽢  (  )
                  
        ,      "" 
󷋹󷋺󷋻󷋼󷋽󹳦󹳤󹳧:     ()
,            :    
     :  3   1   ,     ?”
    , “
   : “           ?”    , “,
   !”
: “       ?”    , “,     
 
               -     

    (3,1), (2,2), (1,3)      (  X-    
 Y- ),          
     -              
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫    
         ,     :
1.   
        
2.   
        2  (    ) 
3.   
         
4.  
       ,       (
  " A, B    ",    "A  40     B 30
  ")
Easy2siksha.com
5.     
           ,    -
           
󹳣󹳤󹳥   
             :
󷃆󷃊       
 
?
         ,         
     
󼨐󼨑󼨒:              
 
󷃆󷃋   =  
        ,      ,      
  
󼨐󼨑󼨒: (3 , 3  ) (2 , 2  )  
󷃆󷃌     
     ,          -    ,  

󷃆󷃍  
   
?
        
󷃆󹸊󹸋    ()  ?
                ,  
                 
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :
Easy2siksha.com
              
 ,         
        -       
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨     
        
                 
 
        
󹲋󹲌󹲍󹲎󹲏󹲓󹲔󹲐󹲑󹲒   ?
                 
      
󷃆󹹳󹹴󹹵󹹶 :
  :
   = ₹10
    = ₹20
   = ₹100
    :
10 ×  + 20 ×   = 100
         
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬   ?
       
                
   
            
Easy2siksha.com
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔   
 ?
      :
  ₹100            
      -  (    )   
 ,         (   )  ,  
  
  :
    =    
,
MRS =    /    
         ,      -  

󺂟󺂠󺂧󺂡󺂢󺂣󺂤󺂥󺂦󺂨    (  )
       :
X- :  X   ( )
Y-: Y   (  )
3    (IC1, IC2, IC3)
   (       -  )
 E    (   IC2   )
    :
IC1 =  
IC2 =      ( )
IC3 =  
󷗛󷗜        -    
       ₹500      
Easy2siksha.com
:
1 = ₹100
1   = ₹50
   :
5 , 0 
4 , 2 
3 , 4 
2 , 6 
0 , 10 
     
,   ,         :
  ,    = 
  ,    = !
 2  6    -         
   
     -             
  
-
3.             
      ?
:        
    ,           ,    
        ,          :
          ?        
             ,    , 
    --,          
               
Easy2siksha.com
,               ,    
            ,    , 
           
1.   :    
 ,           (   )
  ,     (    )   ,   
      ,     
   ,  ,   
 :   ,   ,   
     ,             
           ,       
     ,  ()       , 
         - 
      ,           
2.  I:    

                 
           ,    ,    
          
  
 I ,     ,          
      :
   :  ,   (,   , )  
              , 
Easy2siksha.com
               
 
   -            
  -      -     
    
                 
               
      20  30      ,    , 
   

     20     
    25  (  )   
    30     ( !)
     I ,         ,  
       
3.  II:    
 
 ,              
     ,       30    20   
   15      ,     
 ?
 II ,   ()      ,    
   :
  : -   ,           
        ,       
        
   :  ,      ,     
              
    
 
              ,  
           ,     
Easy2siksha.com
             
     
  
                ₹600  ,
   15     ₹40     ₹600  
                  
  
4.  III:    
       
     ,           
          2   ;     
 5       -      ,     
    
   
  III ,       :
            , 
     ,        
          ,    
 
               
   
                
      : -,    
     
           ?       
       
1.   
      -  ,  ,  
              ; 
,        
          ,     
    
Easy2siksha.com
2.     
              - 
  ,      
        ,      
,          ,     

3.    
 :              
               
    :          
            ,   
    
4.    
               ; 
            
             
  ,      
5.     
          ,    
        
   ,        ,    
     
 :    
    ,             ,
           
   
 1: 10   100    
 5: 14   160     -       
     ( I)
 10:20   250     -      ,  
   ( II)
Easy2siksha.com
 25:30    220     -  -   ,
   
,    ( III)
        :  ,  ,    
-     II            
,          
   
          :     
            ,    ,  
       ,     
 ,           
  ,   :             
               
,    ,       
,   ,  ,          
    -               
      
4.       ?  AC  U     ?
:    :   
       ,        ,
            ,   , 
               ,  
     ,            
               ,  
  
           
         (AC)   U  ,  
   , -        ,   
     ,             
     
Easy2siksha.com
1.    
    ,          
             
            :
  (FC)        ,      
 ,          ₹20,000 
            ,       
""
  (VC), ,          -
   100   ,     ₹500 ;   200
 ,     ₹1,000         

 () FC + VC    ,     
 = ₹20,000 () + ₹X ()     VC ₹10,000
   ,  TC ₹30,000   
  ()     :
 =  / 
 1,000   ,   AC ₹30        
  ₹40          
   () -   ,      :
 =  / 
500    40  ; 1,000     20    
   (AVC)    VC:
 =  / 
 1,000         ₹12,000 ,  AVC ₹12
  ()           
 :
 = Δ / Δ
 101     .. ₹12,000   ₹12,012   ,  .. = ₹12.
   , , , , , ,     
             ,    , 
        
Easy2siksha.com
2. -  -:    
    -       ,      
  :
                
              , 
        
                ,
    ,            ,  
     
      -          -
    
3. -  -  :  - 
                  
      ,     ,        
   "U"     ?        
 :
 I:    (  )
1.    : -     ,  
           500    AFC =
₹20,000/500 = ₹40   1,000    AFC   ₹20   
AFC      AC      
2.     ( )        
,          :     ,  
    ,      ,   
        ,       
    , MC  AC     ,  AC   

   -   ...      -    ..
    
     
 II:    ( )
1.     :     ,       
             
  ;    ;           
           (MC)  
Easy2siksha.com
2.               AC   
 ,              
 AC     1,500         
 ,      ,    -  
        
  ..              : 
   ,       
4. 
   :  
    ,           
     ;         
 :
  50  ,      ..     
120  , AC       -        
     
120            ,   
    ,      ..     
      U      ,       
     
5.     U     ?
 U         ;    
     :
              AC    -
U     -            , 
  AC   
   :    AC    ,  AVC  
  ,             
  ,          ""     
AVC     ,        
   MC              
            (   ) 
  
Easy2siksha.com
6.    :   
 , , ,          ,  
      :
 :             
           ,    
    
                  
         -    
       ;        
  
   :        , 
               
          
   (LRAC)      ,    
  LRAC   U    ,        
         -   
  AC     
         ,   
             
7.   : MC  AC     
        :
 MC < AC,  AC  
 MC > AC,  AC  
MC  AC    AC      
?                ,
     -      GPA   
      ;          
  , MC    J-    (   ),  U-
  AC              
-    
8.      
 ,         :
Easy2siksha.com
800      ₹35 
1,200  ,    ₹28  
1,800      32    
      ..     1,200     
   ₹40         1,800   
            ,  
   
        :    1,200    , 
         ,       
    
 
1.  
o , , , , 
o ,  ,   
2. -  -
o :     ; -  
o  :  ;   -
3.  U-    ?
o     AFC  AC   
o       MC  AC   
o    (DIMINISHING RETURN) MC   ,   AC 
4. - 
o MC  AC          -    
  
5.  
o           
 
o   ..        
           :    
,  ,            
Easy2siksha.com
 -       ,          
        
-
5.      ?         
 ?
:󷊀󷊁󷊂󷊃  :       
   ,      "  "     
           ,        
 ,                
     ,            ,
           
                ,  
  ,              
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬   ?
                 
 ,                  
       -    " "  -     
       
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹   
               
:
1.       
               
 ,                  
                ,  
  
Easy2siksha.com
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾           ,     
          ,      
     
2.  
  ,          ,     , 
    -                 
     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾                  
  ,           
3.    
                  
   ,      
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   ,         ,     
            (  
     )
4.    
             - ,   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾             ,       
        
5.    
         ,          
          
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾                  ,
     -   ""   
6.    
 ,      ,        
Easy2siksha.com
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾       -    -   
󹳣󹳤󹳥         ?
       ,           , 
         ?
      
󷫡󷫢󷫣󷫤   
          
󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳:      
                
     ,  ,      
    
 ,  30           20  
           
 ,     25    -   
, ₹22   ,  :       ,  
          - ₹22 -    ,   
    ,     
    -          
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫   ( )
 (₹/)
    ()
    ()
20
100
60
22
80
80󷃆󼽢()
25
60
100
:
20 ,  >     
25 ,  >     
Easy2siksha.com
22 ,  =      
󷻂󷻃󷻄󷻅󷻆󷻇󷻈󷻉󷻀󷻁󻯊󻯋󼊵󼊶󻯌󷻑󻯍󼊷󼊸󷻕󷻖󷻚󷻛󷻗󼊳󻯎󻯏󻯐󼊴󼊹󷻋󷻌  :    
  ,             
    ₹22   ,           
   ₹23      ,       ₹21   , 
     
 ,          -     
󹳣󹳤󹳥   
 ( ) =  ( ) =  
    (  )          
    
    MC = MR
󹳦󹳤󹳧 :  
 ,    (   )      
  ,             
    
     ,         
  
     ,          

 ,        =    () →  
6.    ?         
  ?
:󷉸󷉹󷉺  :  
-   ,  -    ,     - 
                 
Easy2siksha.com
,            ,    
  
     ,          
                    
  ,      ,      
      ,          
 ,       ,      
        -           
   
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 1:    ?
     
           :
󹻁 :
1.         ,     
  
2.  :     -  , , ,    
    
3.     :           
     
4.  :             
  
5.   :    ,      
               
  ,        ,       ,
             
,            -      ,
      
Easy2siksha.com
󼪺󼪻 2:        
         
               
  
              

󹳦󹳤󹳧    
 ,               
     
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫     ?
       () =   () 
  ,      
  ()   :
o   > AC,       
o   = AC,      
o   < AC ,     ,        , 
    
󹵲󹵳󹵴󹵵󹵶󹵷 :
   ₹20         ₹15    ₹5  
         
    ...
Easy2siksha.com
 3:    
,                 
                ?
                  
:
     
            (    
 )
    ,          
󷃆󹸃󹸄 :
  MC = MR   ,    = AC 
    
         ,       
 
 ,               
     ,     ,          

󷸌󷸍 4:       
                  
  
  ,     ,     - 
    ?
Easy2siksha.com
     
       ,          : 
         
 ,   :
    
       -         
  
   ,      
󼨐󼨑󼨒 5: 
  -  
  ,        ,       
 ,         
   ,              
   ,               
 
,    ,             
    ,       
       : , ,  
,     
-
7. (1)         
(ii)           ?
: 󷊀󷊁󷊂󷊃   :        
 
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈  :  ,   
               
     -           
               
Easy2siksha.com
           ,  , 
  
     :     ?   ₹500    
   ₹2000?             ?
               -    
 -    
                  
      
󷆰 1:     -      
󹸯󹸭󹸮  ?
 ,              
        - :
1.    
2.     
3.     
4.    
           ,     ,
         
󷧺󷧻󷧼󷧽󷨀󷧾󷧿 :       
          :
               , 
        :
   
  
  
   
              :
  
  
Easy2siksha.com
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :    
󷃆󷃊  
         
"" ?              
                
 
:               
                 
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  
             
   :        ()   
 
󷃆󹸃󹸄   :
    
 
        ₹200/   
        ₹150/   
    150  
,    ?
󷃆󼽢 ₹150        
󷃆󼽢            
        
󷃆󷃋  
         :
:   (     )
:   
    (      
)
   /
Easy2siksha.com
,      ()         
 =   
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬    ( 
):



      : , ,   

    ()     

 ,  ,   

       MRP =   
 
           
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤  :     
  ,              

       30       300  
  ,      ,    20    
    
  : “      ₹200    , 
    
              
   ,  ,          
        
󷊀󷊁󷊂󷊃 2:    -    
󹏡󼐠󼐡󹏢󷺎󷺏󼐚󼐛󼐜󼐝󷺔󷺕󼐢󷺖󼐞󼐟󹔱󹔲󹏧󹏨   
         : 
    19         
                 
Easy2siksha.com
          ,    
   
󹲣󼩪󼩫󼩬󼩭󼩲󼩳󼩮󼩯󼩰󼩱      :
1.        -       
2.        -        
3. -  -    -         
4.   
5.       
󷊄󷊅󷊆󷊇󷊈󷊉   :      
           
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈:    
      
      :
 A ( )
  ()
 C (  )
            
 A  100    
   80    
   60    
󽅄󽅅      ?
  :             
 C              
 B  20      ,      = 20  

Easy2siksha.com
 A  40      ,       = 40 
 
    
                 
󹳣󹳤󹳥 :
X-:    (    )
Y-: 
   (  )        
            -   
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨     :

  (  )      -   
     
       ,   
     ,       

         
󷙎󷙐󷙏 :    
              
        
               
             
󷃆󹸊󹸋 :     (  )

 
  
  
  ( )
Easy2siksha.com

-  
   
 
 =   
 =   

, , , 
 
   

  
    
     
;    
󷕘󷕙󷕚:        ?
       
             
   ,     (     
)
       
    ( ,   )  
8. (1)            
   ?
(ii)          
: 󷊀󷊁󷊂󷊃   :      
    ...
-         -    ,   
        ,   ,     
     ,  ,        
   ,    
 ,                
    "      !"   "    
 !"
      
Easy2siksha.com
      ,        -   
       ,        
 ,    ,        ,   
 
   .            

,                   

󼨐󼨑󼨒  I:        
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤 .   ?
.  (1885-1972)         ", 
 " (1921) ,      :
"        "
              
󷈜󷈝󷈞󷈟󷈠󷈡󷈢󷈣      ?
  ,           -     
  
      :
:             (
    )
:      ,  ,   ,
 !
            ,     
               
     
󷆖󷆗󷆙󷆚󷆛󷆜󷆘      
             - , -
         :
Easy2siksha.com
1.  
o , , 
o    ; ,     
2.  
o   ,   ,   
o      ,      
󹲟󹲠󹲡󹲢   
        
  :
         
 ,  ,      
     ,    
        
 ,  =       
󷗛󷗜    :  
              
      ,      ,   
          
              
 "  "              , 
    ,     
               
   
󹸯󹸭󹸮      
           :
Easy2siksha.com
              

              
          
      ,       -       
    ( ) 
󽅇󽅈     
     ,          :
1.        
   :
       (  )
  ,  , , 
      
2.    
            
         
,          -  , 
    
3.    
  ,       :
o  
o    
o          
4.     
    ,         
  ,          
Easy2siksha.com
󷃆󼽢  ,      
  ,         :
   -      
     ,      
         
     
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤  I  :    


 
. 

1921
 
       

 =   ( ),  =    ( 
)
 

    

       ,     
󼮲󼮱  II:      
      
      ,           
          ₹1,00,000     ,
                 
     
         -           
    
Easy2siksha.com
󷩳󷩯󷩰󷩱󷩲      ?
 ,           :
           
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚     
A.     
  :
 (, )
 (        )
  
 (        )
B.     
  :
 (      )
 
  (, ,   )
󹳦󹳤󹳧       ?
         ,      

  > ,     
  > ,      
     :
     =     
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫   (   )
   :
X- =     
Easy2siksha.com
Y- =  
    
  (        )
    
  (         )
     
󹸱󹸲󹸰      
1.    
      =    
        ,      
  ()    
2.       
  
               
 ,      
3.      
                 
     
4.       
 , ,     ,    

Easy2siksha.com
󷙎󷙐󷙏    
󷃆󹸃󹸄    

  
   



   
     
 

  

- 

  -
  -


     

 
    

:    ?
               
         
               , 
                
 
              ,  - 
  
    
 ,         -   , ,   
        
"              
     ,     "